ГОСТИНАЯ ЛИН И ЛАРРИ ПАРДИ (Страница 3 из 6)

Cruising Tips

Monohull vs. Catamaran – A short, slightly opinionated round up of pros and cons

At Boatshows, through emails to this website, we are have often been asked if we’d consider a Cat for offshore cruising. Any answer we give based only on our own experience is bound to be highly prejudiced by our love of the aesthetics of classic sailing vessels, preference for small size and affordability. To try for a less biased answer we contacted two experienced sailors who have actually made ocean passages on both, Tom Linskey and Richard Johnson.

Some unfavorable aspects of a catamaran:

Unpredictable rhythm- In moderate to heavy conditions, any boat beating to weather can be un-fun. However, a cat with two hulls locked together, each responding to different parts of a wave or waves, often feels like a study in chaos. As the seas increase, waves passing through the tunnel occasionally pound the underside of the bridge deck. A reduction in sail area will resolve this, but you pay with a sacrifice in speed.

Stability –In a previous paragraph, stability is touted as a benefit, but the downside is the loss of the pressure release that the heeling of a monohull provides. A cat will lose stability once it starts to heel until it is upside down. For me this possibility creates the need for a higher level of vigilance, sespecially at night and in squally conditions.

Size – Once you arrive, the beam of a cat limits the available dock space and haulout options.

For me (Richard Johnson) a catamaran’s extra room, initial stability and living above the waterline makes it the clear winner in the livability category. However, when it comes down to the sheer joy of moving a boat under sail, a well-designed monohull is still hard to beat.”

When we discussed this issue Tom agreed with Richard in general and added:

“Engine use is the same as a monohull – if it’s light air and bumpy from well ahead or well aft we’ll motorsail to make miles. We enjoy sailing -- meaning the two of us making ocean passages -- much more on the cat. Heel is 4 degrees max (same in 10 knots of wind and 30 knots), it does not roll, and we do not get thrown violently in heavy weather (our coffeemaker stays in place sitting on the galley countertop, no bungees or canvas covers needed to keep books and spice bottles in place on the shelves)…things stay quite civilized below. A cat does not have the feedback on the wheel that a monohull does, but the cat’s two relatively narrow hulls mean the boat wants to go straight, not yaw continually about its center as with the more pumpkin-seed shape of a monohull – cats are far easier to steer for an autopilot. Our 46-foot cat knocks off the miles – in trades, we average 8 to 9 knots under working sails – without beating up the crew, which is always a nice way to get from A to B.”

A few facts that have not been addressed by either of these sailors probably pertain to the majority of you who read our newsletters. The ocean going catamarans they enjoy sailing are expensive machines compared to monohulls of similar length, even on the second hand market. Furthermore it appears that 40 feet is the lower end of the scale for an offshore cruising cat. Thus you are talking about $250,000 to $400,000 to get out there in a Cat. In contrast, we know many folks who have had wonderful offshore experiences on second hand monohulls ranging from 24 feet to 40 feet, purchased and outfitted for well under $100,000, some for as little as $40,000. 
Just before we posted this cruising tip, Tom Linskey commented, “One potential trap to try to avoid (which I’ve had not much success avoiding!) is not to compare monohull vs. cat by length. They are such totally different animals, the LOA comparison doesn’t work in a number of ways. It’s like comparing people by height. Maybe for cruising, comparison by load-carrying ability, liveaboard comfort or lack of, motion at sea, or average passagemaking speed by a couple is more relevant.”

ПЕРЕВОД
Секреты успешного плавания
Монохал (однокорпусная парусная яхта) или Катамаран
короткий, несколько пристрастный обзор «за» и «против»
Во время различных Боут Шоу и в электронных посланиях на этом сайте, нам часто задают вопрос,  как мы относимся к возможности океанского плавания на катамаране. Все свои ответы мы даем исходя исключительно из своего личного опыта, который сформирован под влиянием глубокого чувства любви, питаемой к классическим парусным судам малых размеров по доступной цене.

Чтобы дать  менее предвзятый ответ, мы связались с двумя опытными моряками, у каждого из которых есть опыт океанских переходов как на однокорпусных яхтах, так и на катамаранах:  Томом Лински (Tom Linskey) и Ричардом Джонсоном (Richard Johnson).

Некоторые неудобства катамарана
Непредсказуемый ритм: от умеренного до тяжелого, что может быть неприятно. Однако, на катамаране с двумя корпусами, сцепленными вместе и реагирующими  на различные части волны (или волн), часто чувствуешь себя подобно исследователю хаоса. По мере увеличения волнения, волны, проходящие через туннель, начинают биться о нижнюю часть перемычки. Сокращение площади паруса решит эту проблему, но отразится на скорости.
Устойчивость: выше по тексту устойчивость была перечислена среди преимуществ катамарана, но у этого есть и оборотная сторона – это утрата способности высвобождения давления, которую обеспечивает крен моно-корпуса. Катамаран утрачивает устойчивость, как только начинает крениться, и так пока не перевернется. С моей точки зрения возможность опрокидывания требует более высокого уровня бдительности, особенно ночью и во время шторма.
Размер: ширина катамарана ограничивает выбор доступного для швартовки пространства на пристани и для маневра на выходе.
Для меня (Ричард Джонсон) дополнительное пространство, устойчивость и расположение жилого пространства выше ватерлинии выводит катамаран в лидеры в категории комфортного проживания.

Однако, если говорить о  чистой радости хождения под парусом, то хорошо спроектированному  моно-корпусу  в этом нет равных.”

Когда мы обсуждали наш вопрос,  Том согласился с мнением Ричарда и добавили:

“Использование мотора такое же, как и на моно-корпусе. Мы оба предпочитаем  совершать морские переходы на катамаране. Максимальный крен 4 градуса (одинаково при ветре в 10 и 30 узлов), он не вертится, и в тяжелую погоду нас не бросает жестко из стороны в сторону (наша кофеварка остается на своем месте - на рабочей поверхности камбуза, чтобы книги и баночки со специями оставались на своих местах, не нужны ни бортики, ни занавески) … здесь внизу все выглядит довольно цивилизованно.
На катамаране  нет обратной связи на колесе, как на моно-корпусе, но два относительно узких корпуса катамарана  подразумевают, что лодка хочет идти прямо и не отклоняться непрерывно от курса, как это свойственно моно-корпусному судну в форме  тыквенного семени – катамараны  намного легче управляются автопилотом. Наш 46-футовый катамаран пожирает мили – в пассатах мы в среднем идет со скоростью 8 - 9 узлов – не выматывая  команду, что является хорошим способом продвижения из пункта А в пункт B.”

Отредактировано Argonaut (2012-03-07 11:19:17)

ЛИН и ЛАРРИ:
Несколько фактов, которые не были освещены ни одним из этих мореплавателей, думаем, будут интересны большинству вас, кто читает наши информационные бюллетени.

Океанские катамараны, на которых они ходят под парусом, даже на рынке подержанных лодок, довольно дорогие судна по сравнению с моно-корпусами такой же длины. Кроме того, похоже, что 40 футов – нижняя граница шкалы для оффшорных катамаранов. Таким образом, чтобы выйти в океанское плавание на катамаране, речь идет о 250 000/400 000 долларах.

С другой стороны мы знаем много мореплавателей, у которых за плечами хороший опыт океанского плавания на подержанных моно-корпусах от 24 до 40 футов, купленных и оборудованных за менее чем 100 000 долларов (некоторые всего за 40 000 долларов).

Отредактировано Argonaut (2012-03-11 12:52:24)

Dear friends:
When we were invited to be guests at a wooden boat festival in Geelong, Australia near Melbourne, both of us had lots of reasons to pass up the opportunity; we’d just spent several months living on the road and promoting my latest book in the USA, early March is the very best sailing time in the Southern Hemisphere and Taleisin, due to a small misplaced rock, had been out of commission for three weeks. She was just out of the shipyard, back in the water ready to be used. But then we remembered a very special boat that had really impressed us almost twenty years ago when we spent five months working in Sydney, Australia. We’d sailed there to earn the funds to head west toward Africa. Among the 225 boats that attended the 2nd Sydney wooden boat festival in 1990 was one called a Couta Boat. (I worked as one of two coordinators for that festival and Larry earned cruising freedome chips by building a new but very age appropriate interior in oldest boat on show that weekend, a Fife designed racer called Kelpie. Kelpie was ready just in time for the festival, i.e. the varnish was still wet the night before it started.) We remembered that Couta Boats had been working and racing around Melbourne for over a hundred years. When I asked the coordinator of the Geelong festival if there would be any Couta Boats attending he said, “Of course, want to sail on one?” Enticed by this, plus a chance to see a part of the world we’d missed when we chose to sail south from Sydney directly to Tasmania, we signed on. Little did we expect we would end up as judges for the concourse d’ elegance alongside the two boat builders who’s family had, for four generations and over a hundred years been building the very fastest and most able of the Couta boats.

Geelong was a delightful surprise. Definitely not a tourist town – but an industrial town whose occupants have worked together to fix up the waterfront from an ugly jungle of warehouses, into a delightful two mile long park, complete with giant Ferris wheel and of course, a small boat  harbor. The Royal Geelong yacht Club is neither as large nor pretentious as its name implies and this was the fifth time they had hosted Wooden Boats. The festival has been growing and this year for the first time the fleet topped a hundred. A special surpise for us was, 5% of the fleet was comprised of Lyle C. Hess designed cutters, some like 24’4” Seraffyn, some like 29’ Taleisin, all built in Australia and that would have been 6% but one beautifully built new Hess 29, missed it’s intended launching date due to a very welcome baby arrival (our hosts drove us out to see this one). Almost as exciting for Larry, was to to watch a fleet of 27 foot long Tumlaren sloops come racing in. Larry had restored one of these Swedish designed boats and raced her for several years before he set off in search of a cruising boat and found me. For three days we were guests on board various boats, shared boatbuilding ideas, talked about offshore sailing and watched wonderful sailing scenes as many of the attendees raced in from other parts of Port Phillip Bay. Then there was the judging. For much of the last day of the festival we walked the docks with Keith and Daniel Cayzer trying to take notes to identify which boat should be given the prize.

Larry and I had a favorite among the small boats, Ruby Meryl a 22 foot, hundred year old Couta boat restored and re-launched only a few weeks previously with the owner having worked alongside the professional shipwright. So I piped up, “Then we’ll create a trophy for the best loved and maintained sail boat under 30 feet and call it the Taleisin Trophy.” I had the honor of presenting the prizes that evening in a room bursting with enthusiastic Wooden Boat owners. With the several special mentions plus three prize winners instead of the expected one, everyone seemed to be delighted.
Whenever folks ask me if I get tired of talking about boats, I answer, “How can I. What other sport, hobby or life style lets you own something as special as this. Not only can we cross oceans on our boat, we can live on it, entertain with it, go out for a casual afternoon away, play games like racing or join in festivals like the one at Geelong where everyone, be they owners of regal appearing 60 foot classics or 15 foot racing skiffs, shares the same interests.”
Thanks to everyone at Geelong, especially the man who was like our guardian for the weekend. Paul Rose said he would like to be our adopted son. (Sorry Paul, it wouldn’t look right for me to have a son who is only 6 years younger than me.) A very special event and the prefect kick off to a ten day tour from Geelong slowly northward along the rugged coast of Australia. But that’s another story.
May your boat have strong spars, an easy helm and full sails.